Production of core lamination-sections



M. 0. TROY.

PRODUCTION OF CORE LAMINATION SECTIONS. APPLiCATION men JULY 1|. 19:11.

1,339,990, Patented May 11, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET L Fig.2.

I W W 24 la v 25*- lnve nto'r-z Matthew O.T1-qg His fitter-neg.

M. 0. TROY.

PRODUCTION OF CORE LAMINATION SECTIONS.

' PLNZATION HLED JULY H Patented May 11, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MATTHEW O. TROY, OF PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOB TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PRODUCTION OF CORE LAMINATION-SEGTIONS.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented May 11, 1920.

Application filed July 11, 1918. Serial No. 244,481.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MATTHEW O. TROY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsfield, in the county of Berkshire, btate of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Production of Core Lamination-Sections, of which the following is a specification.

Cores of electrical apparatus, which are of magnetic material such as iron or steel, rare usually made up of a number of thin 'layers or laminations; commonly, and desirably, the laminations, or more accurately the lamination sections, are of L-shapes in many kinds of such apparatus, particularly stationary induction apparatus such as transformers, some reactances, etc. My invention relates tosuch L-shaped laminations or lamination sections. The principal object of my invention is to provide an improved method, or to improve the method, of producing these L-shapes whereby they may be pro duced more expeditiously and cheaply and of a greater variety of dimensions than has heretofore been practicable.

I contemplate that my invention will gem erally be employed for the production of those simple or ideal L-shapes in which the legs or members of the L-shapes are at right angles to each other and each leg is substantially rectangular in form; the dimensions necessary to completely define any such particular L-shape are four in number, comprising the two lengths of the legs and the two widths thereof. Such, ideal L-shapes are used at present, almost, if not entirely, to the exclusion of all other Lshapes.- I have, therefore, both for simplicity .and because 'of the present and robable future practice, hereinafter described my invention only in connection with the ideal L-shapes of four defining dimensions although the application 'of .my invention is not limited to these forms, its up lication to shapes or parts which somewhat depart from this ideal shape will be apparent and understood.

Accordin to the practice rior to my in-. vention, an except as the L-s apes are made by hand or in ot er ways too expensive or otherwise unsuitable for general practice, a punch and die is required solely for each individual design of L-shape; each punch and die completely determine by their cutting edges, the dimensions of the L-shapes produced thereby, and therefore only L- shapes of one fixed set of dimensions can be produced from a iven punch and its corresponding die. W ile this requirement of a punch and die for each individual design of L-shapes is not unduly burdensome where a great many devices are to be constructed from each L-shape design, this requirement has prohibited the use of such shapes in other devices which are constructed only in such small quantities as do not warrant the considerable expense of building a punch and die to meet their individual requirements. Accordin ly, many devices which could utilize suc 1 L-shapes to advantage have been constructed of lamination sections of considerably less efiiciency but materially cheaper to produce in small quantities.

By my invention, it is practical to produce almost any design of Lshaped lamination section, that is, L-shapes of substantially any dimensions, irrespective almost of the quantity needed.

Instead of limiting or determining the dimensions of the L-shape by means of the punch or shear itself as has been the practice heretofore, I determine the dimensions by the widths of the stock from which the L-shapes are struck, and by the physical relations between the stock on the one hand and the shear or punch, or the cuts thereof on the other (or by the relations between each L-shape produced and the stock from which it is cut). For cutting the Lshapes, I employ a device capable of cutting out L- shapes of the longest legs desired from that particular device, preferably an Lshaped punch or shear having two cutting edges set at the angle desired between the two legs of the L-shapes produced therefrom. Omitting for the moment consideration of the relations involving the cuts and the L-shapes one design as chea ly and expeditiously a most as of any 0t er design so far as the mm the same cutting device, and

machine work is concerned, the total cost of the apparatus being borne by all the pieces produced irrespective of the number produced of any one design. The manner in which the above is carried out is more fully described hereafter.

If the above form or part of my complete invention is carried out in thesimple manner indicated, it will often result in formations at the ends of the legs of the L-shapes which I contem )late will generally be found to be undesirab e. Where such is the case, I add another step to the method indicated above, which consists in shearing or punchthese ends to the forms desired.

in In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated apparatus for carrying out the method of my invention, including the best apparatus of which I am now aware; lll the following description, I have described the method of my invention with reference to the apparatus of the drawing and by the aid of certain other figures which appear on the drawing. Figure 1 shows in plan an L- shaped lamination section such as I particularly desire to obtain by my invention, the two pieces of metal last removed to complete this shape being also shown. Fig. 2 illustrates an L-shaped section which may be regarded as complete in its form, but upon which I contemplate it will generally be desirable to operate again to produce the lamination section appearing at the middle of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 shows in perspective and art]. in section the essentials of a machine y w ich the principal method, or principal pgrt of the method, of my invention may carried out; a sheet of metal upon which the machine is presumed to be operating also a pears in the figure. Fig. 4 is an outline oa part of the device of Fig. Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the relations of the stock to the pieces produced therefrom by'the machine of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 shows in elevation one form of a commercial machine for carrying out my method. Fig. 7 is a plan view, partly in section taken on the line 77. Figs. 8, 9 and 10 show details in the construction of such machine.

The L-sha e form, which has hereinbefore been called the ideal form, is illustrated at 10 in Fig. 1. It will be observed that the two legs of this form are at ri ht angles to each other, and each leg is so stantiallv a rectangle. The dimensions by which suc 1 anL-sha e may be completely defined are the lengt s L and l of the two legs and the widths W and w of the two legs; I herein call these the defining dimensions llo roduce such an L-shape by the best form 0 my invention of which I am now aware, I first produce the L-shape of Fig. 2, and thereafter cut oil the two triangular parts 11 and 12 from the ends of the halves of the L- shape; these pieces '11 and 12 may be cut in duces this form.

Before describing this principal part of 'my invention, I shall describe the machine of Fig. ll which may be employed for carrying it out. ally a lower stationary member if) provided with a perforation as shown, and an up er member 18, movable to and from the mem er 1-) as guided by the rods 1.). The two edges 16 and 17 of the cavity of the member 15 provide one side of the shear. The member 18 carries on its under face a projecting portion 20 of which the two cutting edges 21 and 22 provide the opposite side of the shear. The two edges 16 and 17 meet the knee 26 of the shear and meet at the angle desired between the two legs of the L-shapes it. is desired to produce, in the present instance, at right angles; the two cutting edges 2i and 22 of the projection 20 likewise meet 1 at the knccjZG and are disposed at the same angle to each other. The opposing cutting edges are so related to each other that the edges 2i and 22 just clear the edges 17 and 16 us the projection 20 enters the cavity in the member 15 when the member 18 descends. Fig. 4 is a View of the bottom of the member 18 looking upward; this figure shows the outlines of the projection 20. The arrangement of the remaining walls and edges, that is 23 and .24, of the projection 20 and the perforation of the member 15, is immaterial so longL as they do not interfere with the depression of the projection 20 into the perforation, and so long as the perforation is large enough to allow to pass therethrough an L-shaped member of the form of Fig. .3 and of the greatest dimension. contemplated for the L-shapes to be pr uced by the particular machine.

he machine is so constructed and the stock 25 so related to it that the may be moved transversely to each other that is in the directions X and m), and also may be rotated about the knee 26 with respect to each other, and further may be advanced different distances toward each other, to feed the stock to the machine, between strokes of the shear. These relative movements may be secured, of course, by moving the machine without changing the position of the stock, or by moving the stock while the machine is stationary, or by the combined movements of both stock and machine.

' The stock 25 on which this shear operates is in sheet form. The machine operates on lllS machine comprises essent1-.

llO

the stock bv successive strokes as wellknown meta punches and shears operate. The stock 25 is advanced over the cavity in member 15 while the member18 is in its elevated position shown in Fig. 3; at each downward stroke of member 18, the projection 20 enters the cavity and cuts off, at the edges 16 and 17, the part of the stock 25 (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3) extending over the cavity; at each upward stroke of 18 the projection 20 is raised above 15 to allow the stock 25 to be advanced again.

Now it will be observed that, the stock 25 may be fed to the machine in any one of anumber of different relations between the stock and shear, or in such a manner that the cuts by the shear and the L-shaped sections produced bear any one of a number of different relations to the stock. For simplicity I shall hereinafter refer almost alone to the relations between the shear and the stock, the relations between the cuts and the stock and between the stock and the L-shapes punched therefrom corresponding. Thus the stock 25 may be Wide or narrow; and it may be so disposed that its sides are at different relative distances m and X from the knee 26 of the shear and correspondingly from the knee of each L-shape struck therefrom. The distances m and X may be changed relatively by moving the stock 25 to the right or left transversely to itself or by moving the shear: or they may be changed in absolute values by changing the stock, using stock of a different width, or

both relatively and absolutely by changing the stock and changing its transverse position with respect to the knee 26. Also the stock 25 may be advanced to the shear at different angular relations thereto; that is, angles a ma be of almost any values between 0 an 180, andmay be changed by rotating the stock 25 about the knee 26 of the shear or by rotating the shear with respect to the stock. And finally the stock 25 may be advanced (by moving the stock or moving the shear) any one of a variety of distances A between strokes of the shear.

According to the method of my invention, the dimensions of the L-shaped lamination sections are determined by these relations between the stock aiid the shear; I call these relations the determining factors. ertain fixed relations exist between the determining factors and the defining dimensions of.

any L-shaped sections. In my invention,

the size of the shear bears almost no relation to the dimensions of the L-shapes produced thereby except as the shape of the shear may define the angle between the two legs of the L-shapes. and except, of course, that no L- shapes can be produced, the legs of which are longer than the cuts which the shear is able to make. Basically the defining dimensions of any particular L-shape are determined by the determining factors before indicated, that is, by the two angles a, the distance A of the advance of the stock between strokes of the shear, the width of the stock, and the relatidn of w to X, and these determining factors may be, and perhaps in come casesmust be considered directly in arranging to secure a particular L-shape. However, since enerally the lengths of the legs of the difierent dimensions L-shapes desired, that is, L and Z of Fig. 1, bear no fixed relation to each other, it is simpler to disregard the width of the stock 25 and to use only the distances X and m from the knee of the shear of the two sides of the stock 25, using these distances X and w as separate individual determining factors and not merely for expressing relations; the width of the stock is, of course, the sum of X and 00. Also, in many cases, particularly when the two legs of the L-shaped sections are at right angles to each other, it is simpler to disregard the two angles a which the sides of the stock make with the sides of the shear and to consider instead the angle 1) between one of the shear edges and a perpendicular to one side of the stock 25. Since as, and for the reasons hereinbefore mentioned, I am explaining my. invention with particular reference to lamination sections of the ideal L-shape, l have hereinafter used these. preferred dctermiuing factors that is, angle 7), advance A, and distances m and X1 and have set forth specifically only the relations between these determining factors and the defining dimensions of ideal L-shapes. How the relations between the determining factors and the defining dimensions of any other L- shapes may be found will be readily understood from what follows. a

By choosin the right values for these determining fhctors, that is, (particularly for ideal L-shapes) the correct distance i the stock is to be advanced between strokes of the shear, the correct value for the angle 6, and the correct value for each of the distances a: and X, and advancing the stock to the shear between successive strokes with these proper relations between the stock and which they are produced, and the relations of the L-shapes to each other as they are struck from the stock. From this figure readily appear the following simple relations between the defining dimensions of rightangled L shapes, and the four determining factors or factors expressing the relations between the stock and the shear which may be varied to obtain right-angled L-shapes of desired dimensions:

X cos b an L M, sin b w=A cos b W=A sin I) From these equations it is clear that as X and w are increased, 1 and L, respectively, are correspondingly increased, and vice versa; also as A is increased, in and \V are correspondingly increased, and vice versa. It also appears from these equalities that as the angle b is decreased, the length Z and the width W are decreased, while the length L and the width w are increased; on the other l the dimensions 1, L,

1 w 11-005 This last equation mayl be expressed in is t a words in this way; b t angle the cosine of which is equal to w divided by The method of my invention utilizes, as before indicated, the determining factors mentioned before. It consists, in outline, of supplying stock to a. suitable punch or shear (preferably a punch or shear of two cutting edges at the desired angle to each other), with such physical relations between the shear (or the cuts or the sides of the L-shapes produced) on the one hand and the stock on the other hand, that succeeding cuts by the V '42 of the punch punch or shear produce L-shapes of the desired dimensions by reason of these physical relations. If desired or necessary, a further step may be added, wherein any undesired part or parts left b the preceding operations, as the triangular ends of the L-shape halves before indicated, are sheared or otherwise removed. The .dimensions of the L- shapes produced by the first-mentioned part of the method may or ma not be somewhat changed by the last step above. The proper relations between the shear-and the stock necessary to secure L-shapes of desired dimensions, may be found in advance of all operations of the shear, either mathematically (from the above or other suitable equations) or otherwise, and the stock properly located with respect to the shear before any out is made; or the proper relations may be found by cut and try that is by successive trial cuts by the shear, changing the physical relations between the stock and shear between strokes until the desired relations are obtained. Once the relations are determined for an L-shape of certain dimensions, the stock is advanced to the punch or shear between succeeding strokes while these relations are maintained, thus producing L-shaped sections which are all alike; only when L-shapes are to be produced, one or more of the defining dimensions of which differ from that or those of the preceding L-shape, need the relations between the stock and shear be changed.

In the machine shown in Figs. 6 to 10, which illustrate the best apparatus for car'- rying out my invention of which I am now aware, 35 represents the stationary member having the cavity K therein bounded by shearing edges 36 and 37 formed by diemembers 36' and 37 respectively and edges 43. These die-members are referably made of tool steel and are secured in, the member 35, (which may be of cast iron) by meansof screws S inserted in the under slde thereof as shown in Fig. 8.

The movable member 38 may be moved by any suitable means such as the ram of a punch press and is guided by the posts 39 secured. in member 35, and carries projecting members or unches 40 whose cutting edges 41 and 42 ust clear the edges of the die-members 36 and 37 respectively; the edges 41 and 42 meeting at right angles to form the knee 46 of the punch.

In addition to the cutting edges 41 and 40, it is preferably provided with the cutting edges 44 and 45 which engage with corresponding die-members; which edges are not normally used in the shearing operations of my method but serve mainl as guides for the punch. In order that t e die-members may be readily put in place the stationary member 35 is rovided with the small cavities P, Q, and at suitable points in the contour marked out by the die-members.

In order that the determining factors an,

A, b may be constantly maintained while feeding any piece of stock between successive strokes under the punch 40, the member 35 is provided with a pivoted guide 50 and the adjustable stops 60 and 61, which are suitably secured thereto.

The guide 50 has a channel 51 clearly shown in Fig. 10, in which the edge of the stock 25 is adapted to slide; an overhanging ledge 52 being provided to keep the stock from jumping out. The guide 50 is designed to turn about the vertical axial stud 53 and is held in any adjusted position by the screw 54. The position in which the guide 50 is held by screw 54 determines the angle a, (the angle between the edge of the stock 25 and the cutting edge 41) and consequently the angle 1;, which is one of the determining factors to be maintained.

The base 55 which carries stud 53 about which guide 50 turns, is provided with a slot 56 through which pass bolts 57 securing it to the stationary member The slot 56 permits the guide 50 to be adjusted transversely across the path of the stock and thereby determine the factors a: and X; their sum being constant and equal to the width of the stock.

The adjustable stops 60 and 61 consist of longitudinally slotted plates held in place by a plurality of bolts 62 engaging with the slots and with threaded holes formed in member 35 as shown in Fig. 9.. On the under side of each plate there is secured one or more guides 63 engaging with corresponding grooves 64 formed in the member 3!). To effectually stop the stock as it is advanced under the punch 40, the edges of plates 60 and 61 adjacent the punches are provided with reinforcin members 65 which project into the cavity below the plane of the surface of member 35.

Assumin that the cutting edge 41 shears off le Z 0% the lamination 10, the stop 60 woul be adjusted to determine the width 10 thereof; and in like manner, the stop 62 would be adjusted to determine the width W of the leg which dimensions conjoint] with the angle 6 determine the factor which represents the distance the stock is to advance. Consequently if the setting of guide 50 and stop 60 are determined, the stop 61 would have to he set to correspond since in reality the four determining factors are fixed by the first two settings. Obviously, of the four adjustments provided by the guide 50 and stops 60 and 61, only three may be made independentl the fourth setting being determined by t e other three as indicated mathematically by the equalities set forth above.

Having now described an embodiment of my invention and the best method and means at present known to me for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under stood that this is merely for the purpose of illustration. Consequently I do not mean to be limited thereby to the exact details disclosed, nor in the choice of recognized equivalents in the practice of my invention except as defined in my claims hereunto annexed.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. The part of the method of producing L-shaped core laminations or lamination sections of different dimensions by means of an L-shaped shear, which consists insubstantially determining the dimensions of the particular L-shapes by the distances from the knee of the shear to the sides of the stock from which the L-shapes are produced, by the angular relations between the stock and the sides of the shear, and by the distance the stock is advanced between strokes ofthe shear.

2. The part of the method of producing L-shaped core laminations or lamination sections of different dimensions by means of an L-shaped shear, which consists in substantially determining the len hs ofthe respective legs of the L-shape y the distances from the knee of the shear to the sides of the stock from which the L-shapes are produced and by the angular relations between the stock and the sides of the shear.

3. The method of producing from metal sheets L-shaped core laminations or lamination sections of different certain dimensions by means of an L-shaped shear, which consists in operating on stock the sides of which are at substantially such distances from the knee of the shear, and advancing the stock to theshear at substantially such angles to the sides of the shear and for substantially such distances between that L-shapes of certain dimensions are produced b strokes of the shear, then changing some 0 those factors which determine the dimensions of the L-sha es produced, which factors consist of the distances of the sides of the stock from the knee of the shear, the

angular relations between the stock and shear and the distance the stock is advanced between strokes, and producing L-shapes of other certain dimensions by strokes of the shear.

4. The method of producing from metal sheets by means of an L-shaped shear, L- shape core laminations or lamination sections of different widths of halves, which consists in operating on stock the sides of which are at substantially such distances from the knee of the shear, and advancin the stock to the shear at substantially suc 1 angles to the side of the shear and for substantially such distances between strokes of strokes of the shear,

"certain dimensions are produced the shear, that L-shapes of certain dimensions are produced by strokes of the shear, and thereafter producing by strokes of the shear, L-shapes of other certain dimensions by advancing the stock other distances between strokes.

5. The method of producing from metal sheets by means of an L-shaped shear, shaped core laminations or lamination sections of different lengths of legs. which consists in operating on stock the sides of which are at substantially such distances from the knee of the shear, and advancing the stock to the shear at substantially such angles to the side'of the shear and for substantially such distances between strokes of the shear,

' that L-s'hapes of certain dimensions are produced by strokes of the shear, then changing the distance from the knee of the shear to one side of the stock. and thereafter producing L-shapes of other certain dimensions.

(3. he method of producing from metal sheets by means of an L-shaped shear, shaped laminations of different dimensions, which consists in operating on stock the sides of which are at substantially such distances from the knee of the shear, and advancing the stock to the shear at substantially such angles to the side of the shear and for substantially such distances between the stroke of the shear, that L-shapes of by strokes of the shear, then changing the angular relations between the stock and the shear, and thereafter producing L-shapes of other certain dimensions.

7 The part of the method of producing L-shaped core laminations or lamination sections of certain dimensions by means of an L-shaped shear, which consists in substantially determinin the dimensions of the L-s'ha es by the distances the s ear to the sides of the stock from which the L-shapes are produced, by the.

angular relations between the stock and the thereafter shearing from the knee ofsides of the shear, and by the distance the stock is advanced between strokes of the shear.

8. The method of producing from metal sheets L-shaped core laminations or lamination sections, which consists in so shearing the L-shapes from such stock so located with respect to the shear as to substantially determine the dimensions of the L-shapes by the distances from the knees of the L-shapes to the sides of the stock, by the angular relations between the stock and the sides of the L-shapes, and by the distance the stock is advanced between cuts.

9. The method of producing sheets L-shaped core tion sections, which consists in shearing L- shapes from stock of parallel sides, substantially determining the dimensions of the L-shapes by the distances from the the L-shapes to the sides of the stock, by the angular relations between the stock and the sides of the L-shapes, and by the distance the stock is advanced between cuts, and the ends of the two legs of the L-shapes to complete the form desired.

10. The method of shearing oif la1nina tions of a given configuration having inteal component parts each having independent dimensions extending 1n two directions;

which consists in proportloning the stock fed on each side of a fixed part of the shearing device in a predetermined ratio whereby I from metal there is determined one dimension in eac component, guiding the stock to make predetermined angles with the sides of the shearing device and advancing the stock at each stroke such a distance that its projections through the said angles determine the other dimension for each component.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 5th day of July, 1918.

MATTHEW O. TROY.

knees of lamination or lamina- 

